Calculating seawater density

Seawater density (ρ in kg m^-3) can be calculated as follows:

10‑61

where the density of water at sea level is:

10‑62

10‑63

10‑64

The costant used in equation 10‑61 also depends on salinity, temperature, and pressure

10‑65

where

10‑66

10‑67

and

10‑68

10‑69

10‑70

10‑71

In the above equations, T is temperature in C, P is pressure in kPa, and S is salinity in mg g^-1 or ‰. These equations are valid for a range of salinity between 0 and 42 ‰, temperatures between 2 and 40 °C, and pressures up to 100,000 kPa.